Đề cương ôn tập kiểm tra giữa kì 1 Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Năm học 2021-2022

Nội dung text: Đề cương ôn tập kiểm tra giữa kì 1 Tiếng Anh Lớp 9 - Năm học 2021-2022

1. ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP KTGK 1 -MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 PART 1: Vocabulary: Theme 1 : COMMUNITIES UNIT 1 LOCAL ENVIRONMENT UNIT 2: CITY LIFE UNIT 3 :TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE PART 2 : Grammar: I. COMPLEX SENTENCES: (CÂU PHỨC) Câu phức là câu gồm có một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate/dependent clauses) - Main clause + connector (từ nối) + subordinate clause: =Dependent adverbial clauses: (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ phụ thuộc) 1 - Adverbial clauses of time. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian These clauses answer the question “when?” Begin with: after, before, until/till, when(ever), since, as, as long as (miễn là, với điều kiện là), as soon as (ngay khi), by the time (that), during the time (that), immediately, the moment (that), now (that), once, while, 2 - Adverbial clauses of place. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn These clauses answer the question “where?” Begin with: where (nơi), wherever (bất cứ nơi nào), anywhere, everywhere. 3. Adverbial clauses of reason. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do These clauses answer the question ‘why?” Begin with: because, as, since 4. Adverbial clauses of concession. (contrast clauses) (Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ) These clauses show a contrast Begin with: although, though, even though, while, whereas, however 5- Adverbial clauses of purpose. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích These clauses answer the question “what for?” Begin with: so that, in order that, in case (phòng khi) Lưu ý: Ta thường hay dùng will, can, would, could, may, might sau so that/ in order that 6- Adverbial clauses of result. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả These clauses show a result Begin with: so (vì vậy) + clause; so + adj/adv + that ; such (a) + noun + that (quá đến nổi) II. PHRASAL VERBS: CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ Cụm động từ là một động từ được kết hợp với một tiểu từ (tiểu từ có thể là một trạng từ, một giới từ hoặc cả hai) để tạo thành một động từ kép có nghĩa khác với từ gốc. * Some common phrasal verbs: Một vài cụm động từ thông dụng - apply for (a job): nộp đơn (xin việc)
2. - break down: bị hư - break in/into: đột nhập vào nhà - carry out: thực hiện, tiến hành (kế hoạch, dự án) - catch up with: theo kịp, đuổi kịp, bắt kịp ai đó, cái gì - cheer sb up: động viên, làm cho ai vui lên - clean sth up: lau chùi - close down: ngừng hoạt động, đóng cửa tiệm (kinh doanh, buôn bán) - come up with: nghĩ ra - face up to: chấp nhận, đối mặt, giải quyết - find out: tìm ra, phát hiện - get along/ get along with somebody: hợp nhau/ hợp với ai - get on: tiến bộ = to make progress - get on with sb: hòa hợp, hòa thuận với ai - get out: đi ra ngoài, cút ra ngoài - get over sth: vượt qua, khỏi (bệnh), chấp nhận - get rid of sth: từ bỏ cái gì = do away with - get up: thức dậy (ra khỏi giường rồi) - give up (on) sth: từ bỏ - go around: đi vòng vòng - grow up: lớn lên, trưởng thành - let somebody down: làm cho ai thất vọng - look after someone: chăm sóc ai đó - look around: nhìn xung quanh - look at sth/sb: nhìn vào - look for s.o/sth: tìm kiếm ai/ cái gì - look forward to sth/ look forward to doing sth: mong mỏi, trông mong điều gì, làm gì - look sth up: tra cứu, tra nghĩa từ nào đó - live on: sống nhờ, phụ thuộc vào (khoản thu nhập, hỗ trợ) - pull down: phá hủy, đập, dở bỏ - run out: cạn kiệt, hết = to be used up - run out of sth: hết thứ gì - set up sth: thành lập, thiết lập cái gì - set off/out for somewhere: khởi hành đi đâu - show up: xuất hiện, có mặt = turn up - show sb around: dẫn ai đi tham quan xung quanh - take over: tiếp quản, kế tục, giành lấy, kế thừa - think over: cân nhắc, suy nghĩ kỹ, xem xét = consider - turn down: vặn nhỏ - turn sth/s.o down: từ chối, loại cái gì, ai đó - turn off: tắt - turn on: bật, mở
3. III/ COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (CÁC HÌNH THỨC SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ) 1. Short, Long and Special adjectives/ adverbs: (Tính từ/ Trạng từ dài, ngắn và đặc biệt) a/ Short adjectives: are adjectives with - one syllable (1 âm tiết): long , short, big, hot, fat - two syllables (2 âm tiết) with the endings: - y. E.g: happy, lazy, busy, Short adverbs: are adverbs with one syllable: hard, late, soon, and the adverb “early” - b/ Long adjectives: Two syllables up (Từ 2 âm tiết trở lên), and those ended with (tận cùng là) –ed. E.g: careful, beautiful, hard-working, careless, complicated, bored * Note: Các tính từ có tận cùng là đuôi -er, -le, -ow, and -et, được xem như vừa ngắn vừa dài. E.g: clever, simple, narrow, quiet, Long adverbs: are adverbs with two syllables up EXCEPT FOR early and badly c/ Special adjectives/ adverbs: are those whose comparative pattern are different from that of Short and Long adjectives/ adverbs. This group consists of: good, bad, well, ill, old, far (adj), and well, badly, far, little, much (adv) 2. Degrees of comparisons: 1. Equal degree S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux (trợ động từ) E.g: (So sánh bằng) He is as old as my father. He drives as carefully as I (do). S + be/V + the same+( noun) as + noun (pronoun) My house is as high as yours S1 + V (phủ định) + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux E.g: He is not Unequal degree as/so old as my father. (So sánh không He doesn’t drive as/so carefully as I (do). bằng) 2. Comparatives S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + S2 + ux (So sánh hơn) E.g: You are thinner than he (is). He runs faster than I (do). S1 + be/V + more/less + adj/ adv (long) + than + S2 + aux E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am). He drives more carefully than I (do).
4. III/ COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS (CÁC HÌNH THỨC SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ) 1. Short, Long and Special adjectives/ adverbs: (Tính từ/ Trạng từ dài, ngắn và đặc biệt) a/ Short adjectives: are adjectives with - one syllable (1 âm tiết): long , short, big, hot, fat - two syllables (2 âm tiết) with the endings: - y. E.g: happy, lazy, busy, Short adverbs: are adverbs with one syllable: hard, late, soon, and the adverb “early” - b/ Long adjectives: Two syllables up (Từ 2 âm tiết trở lên), and those ended with (tận cùng là) –ed. E.g: careful, beautiful, hard-working, careless, complicated, bored * Note: Các tính từ có tận cùng là đuôi -er, -le, -ow, and -et, được xem như vừa ngắn vừa dài. E.g: clever, simple, narrow, quiet, Long adverbs: are adverbs with two syllables up EXCEPT FOR early and badly c/ Special adjectives/ adverbs: are those whose comparative pattern are different from that of Short and Long adjectives/ adverbs. This group consists of: good, bad, well, ill, old, far (adj), and well, badly, far, little, much (adv) 2. Degrees of comparisons: 1. Equal degree S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux (trợ động từ) E.g: (So sánh bằng) He is as old as my father. He drives as carefully as I (do). S + be/V + the same+( noun) as + noun (pronoun) My house is as high as yours S1 + V (phủ định) + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux E.g: He is not Unequal degree as/so old as my father. (So sánh không He doesn’t drive as/so carefully as I (do). bằng) 2. Comparatives S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + S2 + ux (So sánh hơn) E.g: You are thinner than he (is). He runs faster than I (do). S1 + be/V + more/less + adj/ adv (long) + than + S2 + aux E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am). He drives more carefully than I (do).
5. 3. Superlatives S + be/V + the + adj/ adv (short) + est + (noun + in/of ) (So sánh nhất) E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class. Cheetah runs (the) fastest in the world. S + be/ V + the most/ the least + adj/ adv(long) + (noun + in/of ) E.g: He is the most intelligent student in my class. Of the students in my class, Nam speaks English (the) most fluently. * Note: 1/ Chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng những từ nhấn mạnh như: much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly trước các hình thức so sánh hơn E.g: Her husband is much/ far/ a lot/ older than her. (Chồng cô ấy lớn tuổi hơn cô ấy nhiều) We feel a bit/ a little/ slightly tired after the trip. (Chúng tôi cảm thấy hơi mệt sau chuyến đi) 2/ Ta có thể sử dụng the second, the third, trước hình thức so sánh nhất để thể hiện thứ bậc E.g: Osaka is the second largest city in Japan. (Osaka là thành phố lớn thứ hai ở Nhật Bản) 3/ Ta cũng có thể dùng by far (hơn nhiều, hơn hẳn) để nhấn mạnh so sánh nhất E.g: Army is by far the smartest. (Army thông minh nhất, hơn mọi người nhiều) Special adjectives/ adverbs: No Equal degree Comparative Superlative Meaning 1. bad/badly/ ill worse worst Tồi, dở, tệ, kém/ ốm yếu 2. good/ well better best Tốt, giỏi, khỏe 3. Many/much more most Nhiều 4. little less least Ít 5. far farther/ further farthest/ furthest Xa (distance) / Rộng (range) 6. old older/ elder oldest/ eldest Già, cũ (for all)/ (brother/ sister) E.g: Ms Anh is better at cooking than Ms Nhung. III/ REPORTED SPEECH. (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) CÁC NGUYÊN TẮC CHUNG 1. Thay đổi động từ trong câu tường thuật Động từ tường thuật là động từ giới thiệu câu nói trực tiếp hay câu nói gián tiếp. Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, động từ tường thuật được thay đổi tùy theo trường hợp cụ thể. Dưới đây là các động tường thuật dùng trong câu: Said → said that Said to sb → told sb Ex: - He said, “I am twenty years old.” - He said that he was twenty years old. - He said to me, “I work in a factory.” - He told me that he worked in a factory. 2. Thay đổi thì trong câu tường thuật: Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì quá khứ, chúng ta đổi thì trong câu gián tiếp như sau:
6. Simple present (V(s/es)) Simple past (V2/ed ) Simple past (V2/ed) Past perfect ( had + V3/ed ) Simple future (will/ shall + VB.I) Future in the past ( would/ should + V0 ) Present continuous (am/is/are + V-ing) Past continuous (was/ were + V-ing ) Past continuous (was/were + V-ing) Past perfect continuous / past continuous Future continuous (will + be + V-ing) Future continuous in the past (would + be + V-ing) Present perfect (have/has + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Past perfect (had + V3/ed) Future perfect (will + have + V3/ed) Future perfect in the past (would + have + V3/ed) can could may might must had to 3. Thay đổi về đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Ngôi thứ nhất Đôỉ thành ngôi của người nói (cùng ngôi với chủ từ trong mệnh đề chính Ngôi thứ hai Đổi thành ngôi của người nghe (cùng ngôi với tân ngữ trong mệnh đề chính) Ngôi thứ ba Không thay đổi 4. Thay đổi từ chỉ định, các trạng từ và cụm từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn: DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH this that these those now then, at that time, immediately here there today that day ago before yesterday the day before, the previous day tomorrow the next day, the following day, the day after this year / month / week that year / month / week last night / year / month / week the night / year / month / week before; the previous night / year / month / week. next year / month / week the year / month / week after; the following year / month / week.
7. a year / month / week ago a year / month / week before; a year / month / week earlier The day before yesterday Two days before The day after tomorrow Two days after Tonight That night 5. CÁC DẠNG CÂU REPORTED SPEECH: Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp Statements * S + said + (that) + S + V (Câu phát biểu) * S + told + O + (that) + S + V He said, “I have just bought a computer today.” He said that he had just bought a computer that day. Linda said, “There is someone at the door, Bill.” Linda told Bill that there was someone at the door. Wh-questions * S + asked + (O) + wh- + S + V (Câu hỏi nội dung) * S + wondered + wh- + S + V * S + wanted to know + wh- + S + V He said to them, “Where are you going?” - He asked them where they were going. Yes-no questions * S + asked + (O) + if / whether + S + V (Câu hỏi có không) * S + wondered + if /whether + S + V * S + wanted to know + if / whether + S + V He said to me, “Are you from Canada?” - He asked me if/whether I was from Canada. * TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT: REPORTED QUESTIONS WITH QUESTION WORDS BEFORE TO-INF: (Tường thuật câu hỏi với các từ để hỏi đứng trước to-inf) - Dạng tường thuật này thường đi kèm với các động từ: ASK, WONDER, (NOT) BE SURE, HAVE NO IDEA (KHÔNG BIẾT), (NOT) KNOW, (NOT) DECIDE, (NOT) TELL. • WH-QUESTIONS: S + Verb (ask, wonder, ) + (O) + Wh-question + to-inf *Ngoại trừ WHY không thể đi kèm với to-inf Ex: “What should I do” she said She wondered what to do. We don’t know who we should contact We don’t know who to contact I have no idea where I can get this information I have no idea where to get this information • YES-NO QUESTIONS: S + verb (ask, wonder, ) + (O) + WHETHER + To-inf * Dạng này không thể dùng với IF
8. Ex: “Should I tell my parents what I really think?” She wondered She wondered whether to tell her parents what she really thought. PART 3: EXERCISES. 1. WRITING: 1/-Writing an email to give information about 3 places of interest in an area and things to do there 2/- Writing a paragraph about the disadvantages/drawbacks of city life 3/ Writing a short note to ask for advice and to give advice 2. MULTIPLE CHOICE PRONUNCIATION: ➢ Circle the letter A, B, C or D that is stressed in a sentence 1. My town is nice and peaceful, but it isn't very big. A B C D 2. Da Nang Museum of Cham sculpture attracts a lot of foreign visitors. A B C D 3. Were you wearing a helmet when you fell off your bike? A B C D 4. Can I go to a party with my sister Lien tonight, Mum? A B C D 5. A: My mum's really a good friend of mine. B: Is she? Mine is very strict towards me A B C D 6. You weren’t at the party last night. – I was at the party but I left early. A B C D 7/ - Are you going to talk to him? – No, I think he should talk to me A B C D 8/ We can’t finished this exercise. – Do you mean “we”? I’ve already finished it A B C D 9/ Do you see that girl? – Her? But why do you pay attention to her? A B C D 10/They live in the city, but they are homeless- Are they? Poor them A B C D Look at the underlined words in the sentence and mark W ( weak) or S ( strong) after the underlined words. 1) Is (___) Minh happy about winning the scholarship? - Yes, he is ( ___). 2) I can't (___ ) understand it. Aren’t ( ___ ) you my son? 3) I'm terribly sorry, Dad. But it isn’t (___) entirely my fault. 4) Pho Hien is (___) a very old town in North Viet Nam. 5) Is it ( ___)? Where is it (___ ) located? 6) It's (___) raining. Are they ( ___) wearing ra incoats? 7) She (___) is, but he ( ___) isn’t
9. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES: 1/ Who this company? – My grandparents did. a. Put up b. set up c. started d. b and c 2. My mother this wool sweater for me last year. It is warm and comfortable. A. knit B. cast C. carved D. woven 3/ The ao dai looks more unique and graceful if we wear it with a. Long trousers b. sneakers c. a conical hat d. a cap. 4/ This unique vase reminds me Bat Trang craft village in Ha Noi. A. of B. with C. on D. for 5/ The craft of basket weaving is usually from generation to generation. a. Taken over b. brought out c. passed down d. faced up with 6/ These moon cake moulds are in steel. a. Made b. cast c. moulded d. had 7/ My sister is very good at animals with clay a. Doing b. moulding c. casting d. carving 8/ My mother usually the names of our family members on their pillows. a. Embroiders b. makes c. knits d. weave 9/ This hand- embroidered picture is very beautiful, I decide to buy it. a. Because b. so c. therefore d. although 10/ He decided to spend his weekend in a village he can reduce stress amd enjoy a peaceful life. a. Because b. so c. in order that d. although 11. it was raining, they cancelled the trip to Tay Ho village. A. so that B. since C. although D. when 12/ Do you know who is his fashion shop? a. Bring out b. taking over c. passing down d. turning down 13/ I’ve the furniture catalogue and decided to buy this wardrobe. a. looked through b. found out c. lived on d. kept up with 14/ This gym is so small that it can not the increasing number of people coming here a. Keep up with b. faced up to c. deal about d. set up 15/ I had to the job in New York because she didn’t want to move. a. Turn down b. reject c. close down d. a and b 16/ They had to their company because it hasn’t given them any profits a. Face up with b. close down c. refuse d. get down
10. 17/ Singapore is a country . There you can see a lot of people from all over the world. A. polluted B. stressful C. frightening D. cosmopolitan 18/ Oh No. The road is too crowded and I am in a traffic jam again. a. Stuck b. forbidden c. congested d. interested 19/ A DVD is better than a video for watching films. a. lot b. many c. much d. by far 20/ The last exhibition was not as this one. a. so interesting b. more interesting c. most interesting d. interesting 21. China is by far country in the world. a. Much more populated b. the most populated c.the most populated d. the most populated 22/ Lodon is one of city in the world. a. large b. largest c. the largest d. as large as 23. You should go by metro because it is much than bus. a. faster b. the fastest c. as fast d. faster than 24/ The town council decided to these old buildings and new ones a. Pull over/ set up c. bring out/ build up b. Pull out/ start d. pull down / set up 25/ Remember the meeting starts at 7.00 on Oct 12th. in your notebook. a. Make a note b. put it down c. write it out d. a and b 26/ When she , I will call you. a. Turns up b. goes on c. goes over d. take off 27/ Look! A lot of people are crowding on the street. What is on the street? a. going on b. getting over c. coming on d. taking on 28/ Most students always feel before an exam. a. Depressed b. tense c. calm d. confident 29/ Taking a speech class will help you to be more in public a. Confident b. embarrassed c. stressed d. delighted 30. He asked me if I in that city for ten years. a. have lived b. lived c. had lived d. would live 31. He told me where a ticket for the concert. a. buy b. buying c. bought d. to buy 32/ He is not sure when the oven a. turning off b. turn off c. should turn off d. to turn off 33/ I wonder part in this volunteer work.
11. a. to take b. if can I take c. should I take d. whether to take 34/ He told me that he was going to have a party a. The previous weekend b. the next weekend c. next weekend d. then 35/ He asked me if to London the following day a. would I go b. I would go c. I went d. I go 3. REWRITE BY ANOTHER WAY: 1. My mother has recovered from her operation ( GOT) ➔. My mother 2. Mai spent her childhood in a small town in the South of Viet Nam ( UP) ➔. Mai in the South of Viet Nam. 3. The artisans my village can earn enough money from basket weaving to live. (live on) ➔. The artisans my village can 4. Kathy checked the restaurant on her mobile phone. ( LOOK) ➔ 5 . We are afraid that our handicrafts can stay equal with theirs.( KEEP) ➔. We are afraid 6. “ Where will we have the meeting tomorrow?” They said. ( FOLLOWING) ➔They asked me where 7. “Should I park the bike here?” Hung said. ( TO) ➔Hung wondered 7. "What should I wear to the fancy dress party tonight?"Trang asked. ( TO) ➔ Trang wasn’t sure what 8. "Should I help Chau with the money , Mum?" she wondered. ( TO) ➔ She wondered 9. “ Should I break the sad news to him now?"Hoa asked. ( TO) ➔. Hoa didn’t know 10. 'Do you sleep at least eight hours a day?' the doctor asked him ➔. the doctor asked him 11. 'We will visit you this week,' my parents said to me. ➔ My parents told 12. Our teacher asked us,'What are you going to do with this plant?' ➔. Our teacher asked us 13. My village is not very beautiful and peaceful, but I still love it. (ALTHOUGH) ➔ 14. Nam is only less intelligent than Chi - the most intelligent student in my class. ( SECOND) ➔Nam is student in my class. 15. This city is much more polluted than my city. ( polluted) ➔My city is than this one
12. 4. READING: PART 1: Read the text. Circle the letter ABCD to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. (1.0 pt) In the Mekong Delta, Long Dinh village of Tien Giang province is famous for its traditional craft of weaving flowered mats. The mat’s high quality makes them popular domestically, and they are also exported to markets worldwide including Korea, Japan and America. In spite of its well-established reputation for this traditional craft, mat weaving only started here some 50 years ago. It was first introduced by immigrants from Kim Son, a famous mat weaving village in the northern province of Ninh Binh. However, the technique of weaving sedge mats in Long Dinh, as compared with other places in the South, is somewhat different. Long Dinh branded mats are thicker and have more attractive colours and patterns. Weaving sedge mats is similar to growing rice. Long Dinh mat production mainly occurs during the dry season, from January to April. Weavers have to work their hardest in May and June, otherwise, when the rainy season starts in July, they will have to put off finishing their products till the next dry season. No matter how much work it requires, Long Dinh mat producers stick with this occupation, as it brings a higher income than growing rice. This trade provides employment for thousands of local labourers. At present, nearly 1,000 households in Long Dinh village live on weaving mats. To better meet market demands, Long Dinh mat weavers have created more products in addition to the traditional sedge mats. Particularly, they are producing a new type of mat made from the dried stalks of water hyacinth, a common material in the Mekong Delta. Thanks to the planning and further investment, the mat weaving occupation has indeed brought in more income for local residents. Their living standards have improved considerably, resulting in better conditions for the whole village. 1. In order to meet market demands, artisans in Long Dinh . A. try to produce various types of products B. stop producing the traditional sedge mats C. produce new Products from rare material D. for thousands of local labourers 2. We can infer from the sentence “Weaving sedge mats is similar to growing rice” that . A. both bring similar income B. both occur at the same time C. both depend on weather conditions D. both occur on the same land 3. Despite difficulties, people in Long Dinh try to follow the craft because . A. they can make the techniques of weaving different B. they can earn more money than growing rice C. they can have jobs in the rainy months D. they can go to Korea, Japan and America 4. We can infer from the passage that . A. the craft contributes much to the village economy B. most of the households in Long Dinh village live on weaving mats C. the new technique makes labourers work in the dry season D. Long Dinh mat production is only well-known in foreign markets 5. All of the following are true about the craft in Long Dinh EXCEPT that .
13. A. the techniques are a little bit different from those in other regions B. the mats have more attractive colours and designs C. it has the origin from Kim Son, Ninh Binh D. it has had the reputation for more than 50 years 6. The word “domestically” in the passage is closest in meaning to . A. nationally B. internationally C. externally D. overseas PART 2: Read the passage below, then fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box well-lighted rushing causes education drawbacks advantages stimulate City life is full of advantages and disadvantages. There are a lot of (l) of living in a city. The people who live in cities enjoy some special facilities and comfort. Their houses are modern, streets are (2) . They can go shopping and buy everything they need. In case of sickness, they can avail the treatment of best doctors. Moreover, they can receive (3) in schools, colleges and universities of high standard. They can also visit libraries, parks, museums and so on to (4) .their minds. However, city life has some drawbacks too. The city life is very fast. Everybody is (5) for a better life, a better luck and a better opportunity. In city area, people usually use vehicles run by fossil fuels, which cause heavy smoke. The smoke (6) air-pollution. Thus, people living in urban areas take the soup of chemicals.